Diesel lubrication system, in accordance with Figures 1 and 2 combined: some of the parts are lubricated under pressure, some - by spraying
The crankshaft and camshaft bearings, intermediate gear bushing, compressor crankshaft connecting rod bearing, valve drive mechanism (rocker arm) and turbocharger shaft bearing are lubricated under pressure from the oil pump.
Liners, pistons, piston pins, rods, tappets, camshaft lobes and fuel pump drive are splash lubricated.
Oil pump of the lubrication system - gear type, single section, bolted to the first main bearing cap.
The oil pump is driven by a gear mounted on the crankshaft.
Picture 1 - Scheme of the diesel lubrication system with an oil cooler and a non-separable oil filter with a paper filter element
For diesel engines with an installed non-separable oil filter with a paper filter element and an oil cooler as part of the vehicle, the lubrication system diagram is in accordance with Figure 1.
The oil pump 9 takes oil from the oil sump 1 through the oil receiver 8 and delivers it through the channels in the cylinder block and the channels of the oil filter housing to the full-flow oil filter 12, in which it is cleaned of impurities, wear products and oil decomposition products due to heating and oxidation.
From the oil filter, the purified oil enters the radiator 10 for cooling.
From the oil cooler, oil enters the diesel oil line.
When starting the diesel engine with cold oil, when the resistance to the passage of oil through the oil filter exceeds 0.13 ... 0.17 MPa, the oil filter bypass valve 13 opens, the oil cooler bypass (radiator) valve 11 also opens, and the oil, bypassing the filter and oil cooler enters the oil line.
A safety adjustable valve 14 is built into the filter housing. It is designed to maintain the oil pressure in the main oil line at 0.25...0.35 MPa.
Excess oil is drained through the valve into the diesel crankcase.
In case of excessive clogging of the filter paper, when the resistance of the oil filter becomes higher than 0.13 ... 0.17 MPa, the oil filter bypass valve also opens, and oil, bypassing the oil filter, enters the oil line.
On diesel engines with a liquid-oil heat exchanger and a non-separable oil filter with a paper filter element - a diagram of the lubrication system in accordance with Figure 2.
The oil pump 9 takes oil from the oil sump 1 through the oil receiver 8 and delivers it through the channels in the cylinder block and the channels of the oil filter housing to the liquid-oil heat exchanger 10, and then to the full-flow oil filter 12, in which it is cleaned of foreign impurities, wear products and oil decomposition products due to heating and oxidation.
From the oil filter, the purified oil enters the diesel oil line.
Relief valves installed:
- - in the body of the liquid-oil heat exchanger - 11 (setting pressure value - 0.15 MPa);
- - in the oil filter - 13 (setting pressure value - 0.15 MPa).
When starting a diesel engine with cold oil, when the resistance to oil flow in the liquid-oil heat exchanger exceeds 0.15 ... 0.2 MPa, the bypass valve opens and the oil, bypassing the liquid-oil heat exchanger, enters the oil filter, in the oil filter 0.13 ... 0.17 MPa, the oil filter bypass valve opens and the oil, bypassing the oil filter, enters the oil line. Bypass valves are non-adjustable.
A safety adjustable valve 14 is built into the filter housing, designed to maintain the oil pressure in the main oil line of 0.25 ... 0.35 MPa. Excess oil is drained through the valve into the diesel crankcase.
Picture 2 is a diagram of a diesel lubrication system with a liquid-oil heat exchanger and a non-separable oil filter with a paper filter element
In case of excessive clogging of the filter paper, when the resistance of the oil filter becomes higher than 0.13 ... 0.17 MPa, the oil filter bypass valve also opens, and oil, bypassing the oil filter, enters the oil line.
On a running diesel engine, it is strictly forbidden to unscrew the plug of the pressure reducing valve.
From the main line of the diesel engine, oil flows through the channels in the cylinder block to all main bearings of the crankshaft and camshaft journals.
From the main bearings, oil flows through channels in the crankshaft to all connecting rod bearings.
From the first main bearing, oil flows through special channels to the intermediate gear and fuel pump drive gear bushings, as well as to the fuel pump.
The parts of the valve mechanism are lubricated with oil coming from the rear camshaft bearing through the channels in the block, cylinder head, drilling in the rocker arm column IV into the inner cavity of the rocker arm axis and through the hole to the rocker arm bushing, from which it goes through the channel to the adjusting screw and rod .
Oil is supplied to the compressor from the main line through drillings in the cylinder block and a special oil pipeline.
Oil is drained from the compressor into the diesel crankcase.
Oil enters the turbocharger bearing assembly through a pipe connected at the outlet of the oil filter housing.
From the bearing assembly of the turbocharger, oil is discharged through a tube into the oil sump.