The diesel lubrication system, in accordance with Figures 1 and 2, is combined: some parts are lubricated under pressure, others - by splashing
The crankshaft and camshaft bearings, the idler gear bushing, the connecting rod bearing of the compressor crankshaft, the valve drive mechanism (rocker arms) and the turbocharger shaft bearing are lubricated under pressure from the oil pump.
Sleeves, pistons, piston pins, rods, lifters, camshaft lobes and fuel pump drive are splash lubricated.
The oil pump of the lubrication system is gear type, single-section, bolted to the cover of the first main bearing.
The oil pump is driven by a gear mounted on the crankshaft.
On diesel engines with an installed non-separable oil filter with a paper filter element and an oil cooler as part of the vehicle, a diagram of the lubrication system in accordance with Figure 1.
The oil pump 9, through the oil receiver 8, takes oil from the oil sump 1 and delivers it through the channels in the cylinder block and the channels of the oil filter housing to the full-flow oil filter 12, in which it is cleaned of foreign impurities, wear products and oil decomposition products due to heating and oxidation.
From the oil filter, purified oil enters radiator 10 for cooling.
Oil flows from the oil cooler into the diesel oil line.
When starting a diesel engine on cold oil, when the resistance to the passage of oil through the oil filter exceeds 0.13-0.17 MPa, the bypass valve 13 of the oil filter opens, the bypass (radiator) valve 11 of the oil cooler also opens, and the oil bypasses the oil cooler filter and oil cooler, enters the oil line.
An adjustable safety valve 14 is built into the filter housing. It is designed to maintain oil pressure in the main oil line at 0.25-0.35 MPa.
Excess oil is drained through the valve into the diesel crankcase.
In case of excessive clogging of the filter paper, when the resistance of the oil filter becomes higher than 0.13-0.17 MPa, the oil filter bypass valve also opens, and the oil, bypassing the oil filter, enters the oil line.
On diesel engines with a liquid-oil heat exchanger and a non-separable oil filter with a paper filter element - a diagram of the lubrication system in accordance with Figure 2.
The oil pump 9, through the oil receiver 8, takes oil from the oil sump 1 and through the channels in the cylinder block and the channels of the oil filter housing it supplies it to the liquid-oil heat exchanger 10, and then to the full-flow oil filter 12, in which it is cleaned of foreign impurities, wear products and oil decomposition products due to heating and oxidation.
From the oil filter, purified oil enters the diesel oil line.
Bypass (reducing) valves installed:
- - in the body of the liquid-oil heat exchanger - 11 (response pressure value - 0.15 MPa);
- - in the oil filter - 13 (response pressure value - 0.15 MPa).
When starting a diesel engine on cold oil, when the resistance to the passage of oil in the liquid-oil heat exchanger exceeds 0.15-0.2 MPa, the bypass valve opens and the oil, bypassing the liquid-oil heat exchanger, enters the oil filter, and with resistance in an oil filter of 0.13-0.17 MPa, the oil filter bypass valve opens and the oil, bypassing the oil filter, enters the oil line.
Bypass valves are unregulated.
The filter housing has a built-in adjustable safety valve 14, designed to maintain oil pressure in the main oil line at 0.25-0.35 MPa.
Excess oil is drained through the valve into the diesel crankcase.
In case of excessive clogging of the filter paper, when the resistance of the oil filter becomes higher than 0.13-0.17 MPa, the oil filter bypass valve also opens, and the oil, bypassing the oil filter, enters the oil line.
When the diesel engine is running, it is strictly forbidden to unscrew the pressure reducing valve plug.
From the main diesel line, oil flows through channels in the cylinder block to all crankshaft main bearings and camshaft journals.
From the main bearings, oil flows through channels in the crankshaft to all connecting rod bearings.
From the first main bearing, oil flows through special channels to the bushings of the intermediate gear and the fuel pump drive gear, as well as to the fuel pump.
Valve mechanism parts are lubricated with oil supplied from the rear camshaft bearing through channels in the block, cylinder head, drilling in the IV rocker arm post into the internal cavity of the rocker arm axis and through the hole to the rocker arm bushing, from which it goes through the channel to the adjusting screw and rod .
Oil is supplied to the compressor from the main line through drillings in the cylinder block and a special oil pipeline.
The oil is drained from the compressor into the diesel crankcase.
Oil is supplied to the bearing assembly of the turbocharger through a tube connected at the outlet of the oil filter housing.
From the bearing assembly of the turbocharger, oil is discharged through a tube into the oil sump.
