The starting engine heater is designed to warm up the engine before starting it at low ambient temperatures
The heater runs on the fuel used for the engine
The heater can warm up an engine whose cooling system is filled with water or antifreeze.
The heater is installed on the right side of the engine (Fig. 1).
The heater is a non-separable boiler 15, consisting of a combustion chamber, a fire tube, a flue gas duct and two interconnected liquid jackets (heat exchanger).
The boiler is constantly included in the engine cooling system.
Pre-heater: 1 - fuel tank; 2 - tank cap; 3 - filling funnel; 4 - adjustment needle; 5 - electric motor with fan; 6 - tap control handle; 7 - pipeline drain tap; 8 - wire connector; 9 - condenser; 10 - air supply hose; 11 - glow plug; 12 - outlet pipe from engine to boiler; 13 - tray; 14 - boiler drain tap; 15 - pre-heater boiler; 16 - tube from electromagnetic valve; 17 - supply pipe from boiler to engine; 18 controls; 19 - control spiral; 20 - spark plug switch; 21 - switch handle; 22 - fuel tank tube; 23 - electromagnetic valve; 24 - tap
Fuel is fed from tank 1 by gravity into the boiler combustion chamber.
An electromagnetic valve 23 with an adjusting needle 4 and a fuel filter is installed to control the fuel supply.
The valve operates as follows: when switch 21 of the control panel is off, the core, under the action of a spring, closes the fuel line; When the switch is turned on, current flows into the coil, the core is pulled back, and the fuel freely enters the combustion chamber of the heater.
Air is supplied to the combustion chamber by a fan installed under the engine hood.
Initially, the mixture is ignited by glow plug 11.
After stable combustion is established in the chamber, the glow plug is turned off, and further combustion of the fuel occurs from the previously ignited flame.
An additional control resistor installed on the heater control panel is connected in series to the glow plug circuit. The glow of the resistance spiral is used to judge the operation of the spark plug.
After the fuel is ignited by the heater spark plug, the hot gases that form pass through the flame tube in a swirling stream and give off heat to the heated liquid poured into the boiler.
The gases passing through the outlet pipe are directed by tray 13 under the engine crankcase, where they are used to heat the oil in the crankcase.
The liquid cavity of the heater boiler is connected to the engine cooling system via pipes 12 and 17.
A control panel 18 for the heater is installed in a separate casing on the engine shield, on which a switch 20 for the spark plug, a control spiral 19 and a switch 21 are installed.
The switch has three positions:
- - position 0 - everything is off (the switch handle is pressed to failure);
- - position (I) — the fan motor is on (the handle is pulled out halfway);
- - position (II) — the fan motor and the magnetic valve are on (the handle is pulled out to the stop).
The electrical circuit of the heater control panel is shown in Fig. 2.
Heater control panel diagram (Supplement to the electrical equipment diagrams): 1 - capacitor; 2 - heater fan motor; 3 - solenoid valve coil; 4 - glow plug; 5 - control coil; 6 - glow plug switch; 7 - switch; 8 - connector (numbers 92 through 94, including numbers with letter designations written in smaller letters, indicate the numbers of the circuit wires)
Procedure for starting the engine when using a starting heater
Procedure for starting the engine when using water as a coolant. Warm up and start the engine in the following order:
- 1. Prepare water to fill the entire cooling system.
- 2. Close the radiator shutters, open the engine hood, in strong winds take measures to ensure that the open hood is not damaged.
- Disconnect the oil radiator and put an insulating cover on the radiator grille.
- 3. Open the radiator caps and the heater filler funnel, close the heater boiler tap and the heater pipeline tap.
- If the taps are frozen, they should be closed when warming up the engine, after the taps have run water will flow.
- Leave the radiator drain cock open.
- 4. If there is no fuel in the tank or not enough, fill the tank. When filling the tank, make sure that it is not overfilled and that no fuel spills. The tank capacity is 2 liters.
- 5. Pour 1.5 liters of water into the heater boiler through funnel 3 (see Fig. 1).
- 6. Open tap 24.
- 7. Move switch handle 21 to position (II) for 15-20 sec; the fan motor turns on, the electromagnetic valve opens and the asbestos lining of the combustion chamber is wetted with gasoline.
At very low temperatures, this time should be increased to 60 sec.
Set the switch to position (0) and turn on switch 20 of the spark plug, leaving it pressed.
As soon as the control spiral heats up to a light red color, the gasoline in the combustion chamber ignites; a pop will be heard.
After the pop, start the heater by moving the handle of switch 21 to position (II).
When stable operation of the heater is achieved, turn off the spark plug by releasing switch 20.
- 8. If the heater does not start working for some reason, try starting it again.
If the water in pipes 12 and 17 freezes (check by touch), it should be defrosted by periodically turning on the heater for 1-2 minutes at intervals of 2-4 minutes and supplying air to the heater boiler with the fan between turns.
The heater should not be allowed to operate for a long time with frozen pipes (more than 2 minutes).
- 9. After 1-2 minutes from starting the heater, additionally pour 6-8 liters of water into the engine through the boiler funnel, close the funnel plug and continue warming up the engine. The hood should be closed while warming up the engine.
If the heater stalls with the hood closed, the hood should be left slightly open, placing an object under it. Water must be poured in carefully, without spilling it on the electrical equipment units.
- 10. When the water in the engine heats up and steam appears from the radiator filler neck, turn the engine crankshaft several times with the starting handle.
The shaft of the engine ready to start turns easily, and the compression resistance is clearly felt on the starting handle.
- 11. Switch off the heater by moving the switch handle 21 to position (I) (to purge the boiler), and close the valve 24.
Approximately 50-60 seconds after the flame in the heater boiler stops humming, switch off the fan by moving the switch handle to position 0.
Failure to follow the specified order for switching off the heater may result in flame emission and burning of the air supply hose 10.
- 12. Start the engine and close the drain valve of the radiator pipe. If it is frozen, close it after defrosting when adding water.
- 13. While warming up the engine at medium speed, pour additional water into the engine through the filling funnel until it is completely full and close the funnel cap.
Then pour water into the radiator until the volume of the cooling system is full and close the radiator cap. If there is an expansion tank, pour 2 liters of water into it.
- 14. After warming up the water in the engine cooling system to a temperature of 60-70 ° C (according to the coolant temperature gauge on the instrument panel), you can start driving the car.
- 15. Drain the water from the cooling system through the radiator valve, valve 14 of the boiler and valve 7 of the heater pipe, by turning the valve control handle 6; in this case, it is necessary to open the radiator cap or expansion tank.
If there is an expansion tank, it is also necessary to drain the water through the tap located at the bottom of the expansion tank.
The procedure for starting the engine when using antifreeze to cool the engine.
When using antifreeze as a coolant, preparation for starting the engine should be carried out as indicated above, with the exception of paragraphs 1, 3, 5, 9 and 13.
