The microprocessor ignition system is designed to ignite the working mixture in the engine cylinders by setting the optimal ignition timing for a given engine operation mode
This system controls the PID Economizer Solenoid Valve.
With the help of a microprocessor ignition system, more economical engine operation is achieved; with an increase in its power indicators, the operation of the engine with detonation is excluded and the standards for exhaust toxicity are met.
This system is more durable and reliable than the classic ignition system.
There are no parts subject to wear (except spark plug electrodes).
Fig. 1. Numbering of connector pins (view from the side of the wires): XI - connector of the ignition system control unit; X2 - connector for temperature and knock sensors; ХЗ - connector for crankshaft position and absolute pressure sensors
Fig. 2. Electrical diagram of the ignition system:
* The MIKAS 7 control unit can be installed on some vehicles. 1.243.376-3-01.
- - generation of electric current pulses for the operation of the EPHX solenoid valve;
- - ensuring the operation of the entire system in a standby mode (in case of failure of individual elements of the system);
- - system troubleshooting.
The main element of the block - the microprocessor - performs all calculations and generates all the necessary data to ensure the operation of the ignition system and EPHH.
The unit works with the following sensors and assemblies:
- - crankshaft position and speed sensor (synchronization sensor);
- - absolute air pressure sensor in the engine intake pipe;
- - engine temperature sensor;
- - knock sensor;
- - ignition coils;
- - EPHX solenoid valve;
- - diagnostic control lamp.
The microprocessor ignition system and EPHH work as follows.
When the ignition is switched on, the warning light on the instrument panel lights up
At this time, the microprocessor is in self-diagnosis mode.
After the end of this mode, the indicator lamp goes out if no malfunctions are detected, or lights up if a malfunction is detected.
If the signaling device goes out, the system is operational and ready for operation.
When the engine is cranked by the starter, according to the signals from the crankshaft position sensor, the control unit generates electrical current pulses to the ignition coils to ensure the operation of the candles in accordance with the order of operation of the engine cylinders 1-3-4-2.
High voltage from each ignition coil is simultaneously applied to two candles:
- - to the spark plug in the cylinder where the compression stroke of the working mixture takes place (for example, the 1st cylinder) and the electric discharge that ignites it;
- - at the same time, an electric discharge occurs in the second candle in the fourth cylinder, where the exhaust gas cycle occurs, this discharge does not affect the operation of the engine.
Faults in the ignition system and EPHH
The control unit has a self-diagnosis mode, with which you can determine the malfunctions in the system.
If the control unit in the self-diagnosis mode cannot determine the malfunction, then it is necessary to use a special device DST-2 with the appropriate cartridge (cassette with the program).
In this case, you must follow the instructions that came with the device. The control unit in the self-diagnosis mode issues light codes to the control lamp.
Each malfunction has its own digital code. The digital code is determined by the number of switching on of the control lamp.
First, the number of lamp turns on is counted to determine the first digit of the code (for example, number 1 - one short turn on 0.5 s, number 2 - two short turns, then there is a pause of 1.5 s.
After it, the number of inclusions is counted to determine the second digit of the code, then the third, after which there is a pause of 4 seconds, which determines the end of the code).
If the code is three-digit, the first digit is displayed for 1 second.
To put the control unit into self-diagnosis mode:
- - disconnect the battery for 10-15 seconds and reconnect it;
- - start the engine and let it idle for 30-60 seconds, - connect the terminals of the diagnostic socket with a separate wire according to the figure.
The socket is installed in the engine compartment on the bulkhead on the left side.
After the control unit is switched to self-diagnosis mode, the control lamp should flash code 12 three times, which indicates the beginning of the self-diagnosis mode.
The following codes will display an existing fault or multiple faults.
Each code is repeated three times.
After all codes of existing faults are displayed, code 12 is displayed three times and the codes are displayed again.
If the control unit cannot determine the fault or there are no faults, code 12 is displayed.
Diagnostic codes are shown in the table.
Code No. - Fault
12 - Self-test mode enabled
15 - Short circuit in the absolute air pressure sensor circuit
16 - Absolute air pressure sensor circuit open
21 - Short circuit in the engine temperature sensor circuit
22 - Open in the engine temperature sensor circuit
25 - Low voltage in the vehicle's on-board network
51, 52, 61-65 - Faulty control unit
53 - Malfunction of the crankshaft position sensor or a high level of interference in the vehicle's on-board network
181 - Short circuit in the diagnostic indicator lamp circuit (only detected by the DST-2)
182 - Open circuit of the diagnostic control lamp (detected by the DST-2 device)
197 - Short circuit in the EPHX valve circuit
198 - EPHH valve open circuit
Fig. 3. diagnostic connector: 1 - diagnostic connector; 2 - additional wire
Engine crankshaft position sensor (timing)
Fig. 4. crankshaft position sensor: 1 - windings; 2 - body, 3 - magnet, 4 - seal; 5 - drive; 6 - mounting bracket; 7— magnetic circuit; 8 - synchronization disk
The inductive sensor determines the angular position of the engine crankshaft, the synchronization of the control unit with the engine's working process and its speed.
The knock sensor is installed on the right side of the cylinder block in the area of the fourth cylinder.
Fig. 5. knock sensor: 1 - plug; 2 - insulator; 3 - body; 4—nut; 5 - elastic washer; 6 - inertial washer; 7 - piezoelectric element; 8 - contact plate
Operating the engine with knocking can lead to the destruction of engine parts (for example, piston, head gasket, etc.
The main elements of the sensor: quartz piezoelectric element 7 and inertial mass 6 (washer).
During the operation of the engine, vibration of its parts occurs. The inertial mass 6 of the sensor acts on the piezoelectric element 7; electrical signals of a certain size and shape arise in it.
The occurrence of detonation in the engine operation sharply increases the vibration, which increases the amplitude of the voltage of the electrical signals of the sensor.
Electrical signals from the sensor are transmitted to the control unit.
According to the knock sensor signals, the control unit corrects the ignition timing until detonation stops.
If the sensor or its electrical circuits fail, the control unit signals the driver by turning on the warning lamp.
The correctness of the sensor can only be checked when the engine is running using the DST-2 device.
Faulty sensor should be replaced
Temperature sensor
The coolant temperature sensor is a semiconductor element that changes its conductivity depending on the ambient temperature.
The sensor is installed in the thermostat pipe and is designed to determine the temperature of the engine coolant.
The sensor is included in the electronic circuit of the control unit, which, by the magnitude of the voltage drop in the sensor circuit (depending on temperature), corrects the ignition timing.
If a malfunction occurs in the sensor or in the sensor circuits, the control unit signals the driver by turning on the warning lamp.
The correctness of the sensor must be checked with the DST-2 device; in its absence, by the magnitude of the voltage drop in the sensor circuit at different temperatures.
Checked by the DST-2 device as part of the vehicle.
Ignition coil
Fig. 7. Ignition coil: 1 - magnetic circuit; 2— body; 3 - coil; 4 - secondary winding; 5 - primary winding; 6 - high-voltage output; 7 - compound; 8— fastening bracket
Ignition coils are designed to generate high voltage electric current to ignite the working mixture in the engine cylinders.
Ignition coils (2 pcs.) are mounted on top of the engine. The ignition coil device is shown in
The ignition coil is a transformer. The primary winding 5 is wound on the magnetic circuit 1, and the secondary winding 3 is wound on top of it in sections.
The windings are enclosed in a plastic case 2. The space between the windings is filled with compound 7. The case has low and high voltage terminals 6.
Low voltage electrical pulses are supplied to the ignition coil from the control unit.
In the ignition coil, they are transformed into high voltage electrical impulses, which are transmitted through wires to the candles.
Electric discharge occurs simultaneously in two candles of the first and fourth cylinders or the second and third cylinders.
For example, one electrical discharge occurs in the candle of the first cylinder when the compression stroke ends there; the second discharge occurs in the candle of the fourth cylinder when the exhaust stroke occurs there.
Electrical discharge in the spark plug of the fourth cylinder during the exhaust stroke does not affect the operation of the engine.
If oil gets on the wires, they should be wiped with a rag soaked in gasoline.
If necessary, check the condition of the current-carrying core of the wire with an ohmmeter.
The resistance of the wires to the 1st and 2nd cylinders should be no more than 1000 Ohms, and the wires to the 3rd and 4th cylinders - no more than 900 Ohms.
Spark plug tips
High voltage wires are connected to candles through special lugs
The handpiece device is shown in
The resistance of a good tip should be no more than 8000 ohms.
Fig. 8. The tip of the spark plugs: 1 - contact socket; 2 - rod; 3 - spring; 4 - interference suppression resistance; 5 - tip; 6 - body; 7— retaining spring
