The engine is in-line four-cylinder, equipped with an integrated microprocessor-based fuel injection and ignition control system (KMSUD)
The cylinder block is cast in gray cast iron. There are channels for coolant between the cylinders.
Cylinders are made without insert sleeves.
There are five crankshaft main bearings at the bottom of the block.
The main bearing caps are made of ductile iron and are attached to the block with two bolts.
The bearing caps are bored together with the block, so they cannot be interchanged. On all covers, except for the cover of the third bearing, their serial numbers are stamped.
The cover of the third bearing, together with the block, is machined at the ends to install thrust bearing half washers.
The chain cover and stuffing box with crankshaft seals are bolted to the ends of the block.
The oil sump is attached to the bottom of the block. On top of the block is a cylinder head cast from an aluminum alloy.
It has intake and exhaust valves. Each cylinder has four valves, two intake and two exhaust.
The intake valves are on the right side of the head, and the exhaust valves are on the left.
The valves are driven by two camshafts through hydraulic tappets.
The use of hydraulic pushers eliminates the need to adjust valve clearances, as they automatically compensate for the gap between the camshaft lobes and valve stems.
Outside, on the body of the hydraulic pusher there is a groove and a hole for supplying oil into the hydraulic pusher from the oil line.
The piston rests against the bottom of the hydraulic pusher housing.
The hydraulic pusher has a steel body, inside of which a guide sleeve is welded.
A compensator with a piston is installed in the sleeve. The compensator is held in the sleeve by a retaining ring.
An expanding spring is installed between the compensator and the piston, which compresses the body of the check ball valve.
When the camshaft cam does not press the hydraulic pusher, the spring presses the hydraulic pusher housing through the piston to the cylindrical part of the camshaft cam, and the compensator to the valve stem, while choosing the gaps in the valve drive.
The ball valve is open in this position, and oil enters the hydraulic pusher.
Once the camshaft cam turns and presses against the pushrod housing, the housing will drop down and the ball valve will close.
The oil between the piston and compensator begins to work as a solid body.
The hydraulic pusher moves down under the action of the camshaft cam and opens the valve. When the cam, turning, stops pressing on the body of the hydraulic pusher, it moves up under the action of the spring, opening the ball valve, and the whole cycle repeats again.
Saddles and valve guides are installed in the head of the block with a large interference fit.
Combustion chambers are made in the lower part of the block head, and camshaft supports are located in the upper part. Aluminum covers are installed on the supports.
The front cover is common to the intake and exhaust camshaft bearings.
This cover has plastic thrust flanges that fit into the grooves on the camshaft journals.
The covers are bored together with the head of the block, so they cannot be interchanged. Serial numbers are stamped on all covers, except for the front one.
The camshafts are cast iron. The cam profiles of the intake and exhaust shafts are the same.
The cams are offset by 1.0 mm relative to the axis of the hydraulic pushers, which causes them to rotate when the engine is running. This reduces wear on the surface of the hydraulic pusher and makes it uniform.
The top of the block head is closed with a cover cast from an aluminum alloy.
Pistons are also cast from aluminum alloy.
At the bottom of the piston there are four recesses for the valves, which prevent the piston from hitting the valves when the valve timing is disturbed.
For the correct installation of the piston in the cylinder, the inscription "Front" is cast on the side wall near the boss under the piston pin.
The piston is installed in the cylinder so that this inscription is up to the piston bottom.
The oil scraper ring consists of three elements: two facing the days of engine parts.
Each piston has two compression rings and one oil scraper ring.
Compression rings are cast iron.
The barrel-shaped working surface of the upper ring is covered with a layer of porous chromium, which improves the running-in of the ring.
The working surface of the lower ring is coated with a layer of tin.
There is a groove on the inner surface of the lower ring. The ring must be installed on the piston with this groove of steel discs and expander.
The piston is attached to the connecting rod using a "floating type" piston pin, i.e. the pin is not fixed either in the piston or in the connecting rod.
The finger is kept from moving by two spring retaining rings, which are installed in the grooves of the piston bosses.
Forged steel connecting rods with I-section shank.
A bronze bushing is pressed into the upper head of the connecting rod. The lower head of the connecting rod with a cover that is attached with two bolts.
The nuts of the connecting rod bolts have self-locking threads and therefore do not additionally lock.
The connecting rod caps are machined together with the connecting rod and therefore cannot be moved from one connecting rod to another.
Cylinder numbers are stamped on the connecting rods and connecting rod caps.
To cool the piston bottom with oil, holes are made in the rod of the connecting rod and the upper head.
The mass of pistons assembled with connecting rods must not differ by more than 10 g for different cylinders. Thin-walled connecting rod bearings are installed in the lower head of the connecting rod.
The crankshaft is cast from ductile iron.
The shaft has eight counterweights. It is kept from axial movement by thrust washers mounted on the middle neck.
A flywheel is attached to the rear end of the crankshaft.
A spacer sleeve and a gearbox input shaft bearing are inserted into the flywheel bore.
Cylinder numbers are stamped on the connecting rods and connecting rod caps.
To cool the piston bottom with oil, holes are made in the rod of the connecting rod and the upper head.
The mass of pistons assembled with connecting rods must not differ by more than 10 g for different cylinders. Thin-walled connecting rod bearings are installed in the lower head of the connecting rod.
