Design Features
The car is equipped with an anti-theft system (immobilizer) APS-6.
Main technical characteristics of the immobilizer APS-6
Operating voltage range 8–15 V
Operating temperature range –40...+85°С
Current consumption in standby mode no more than 5 mA
The immobilizer is designed to prevent the possibility of unauthorized starting of the car engine and works together with the electronic engine control system.
The immobilizer is an electronic unit that does not allow the engine to be started without using the ignition key or with an outside key.
An electronic code key is built into the ignition key head.
When attempting to start the engine without using the ignition key with a built-in code key, the immobilizer, not receiving information about the key code, sends a special code command to the electronic engine control unit (controller), prohibiting the engine from starting.
The immobilizer has protection against key selection, as well as protection against reading the code transmitted via the code line to the controller.
The immobilizer switches to the security mode automatically when the ignition is turned off.
The immobilizer also automatically exits the security mode when the ignition is turned on without the driver performing any additional actions.
The APS-6 immobilizer uses a contactless (transponder) method of reading the key code by a receiver located in the ignition switch (lock).
The code key with a built-in cryptographic unit (transponder), allowing the key code to be transmitted in an encrypted, constantly changing form, does not require power elements. The immobilizer is equipped with two ignition keys.
One key is working - with a black insert, the other is a training key, with a red insert.
The immobilizer can prevent unauthorized engine starting only if the anti-theft function is activated in the engine management system controller.
If this function is not activated, the engine can be started without the immobilizer.
The anti-theft function is activated during the immobilizer training procedure.
Once activated, it is impossible to disable the anti-theft function in the engine management system controller.
You can use either the working or training ignition key to start the engine.
When operating the vehicle, only the working key should be used for this purpose for the following reasons: - the training key stores the system codes.
Therefore, if it is lost, the expensive engine management system controller will need to be replaced if the immobilizer malfunctions.
Keep the training key separately from the keychain and do not use it under normal conditions; - the training key has lower cryptographic protection than the working key.
Therefore, it is theoretically much easier to read the system codes from such a key if it falls into the hands of an intruder; - reading information from the training key takes longer than from the working key.
If the battery is in poor condition and there is strong electromagnetic interference, this may lead to difficulty starting the engine; - after turning off the ignition with the training key, the immobilizer will necessarily begin the training procedure.
The training procedure is accompanied by additional indication by a control lamp, which can disorient the driver.
If one working key is not enough for everyday use, the immobilizer allows you to teach one additional working key.
Thus, two working keys and one training key can be used in the system at the same time.
If the working key is lost, you can erase information about it from the immobilizer's memory and, if necessary, teach a new key using the training key. If the training key is lost, erasing information about the keys and teaching new keys is impossible.
The immobilizer has a built-in self-diagnostic function with a malfunction message displayed using a signal lamp in the instrument cluster and an internal buzzer.
In addition, you can diagnose the immobilizer using a tester operating according to the KWP2000 diagnostic protocol.
In addition to protection against unauthorized engine starting, the immobilizer performs additional functions: - control of the interior light dimming delay;
The APS-6 immobilizer can teach two working keys.
Only new working keys (i.e. those that have not been previously taught by another immobilizer) or those that have been previously taught using the teaching key used in this teaching procedure can be taught.
Working keys can only be taught together with a controller in which the anti-theft function is not activated, or with a controller that has been taught together with the teaching key used in this teaching procedure.
To teach the immobilizer:
1. Close all vehicle doors. Turn on the ignition with the teaching key and hold with the ignition on for at least 6 s.
2. Turn off the ignition. The indicator lamp should start flashing at an increased frequency (5 times per second)
as long as the learning procedure is being performed correctly.
If the lamp stops flashing quickly, this indicates an incorrect operation, exceeding the time allotted for the learning procedure, or a malfunction.
Remove the learning key from the ignition switch.
3. While the indicator lamp is flashing (approximately 6 sec), insert the working key into the switch and turn on the ignition. If everything is done correctly, the buzzer will emit three beeps when the ignition is turned on.
4. Wait with the ignition on (approximately 6 sec) until the buzzer emits two more beeps.
If after 6 sec the buzzer has not emitted any beeps and the indicator lamp has stopped flashing quickly, turn off the ignition and start the procedure again.
If the learning procedure cannot be completed again, this indicates a malfunction or that this working key has already been taught by another immobilizer.
5. Turn off the ignition. If it is necessary to teach a second working key, repeat steps 3–5, turning on the ignition with the second teaching working key. If this is not necessary, continue the teaching procedure.
6. While the indicator lamp is flashing (approximately 6 sec), remove the taught working key from the ignition switch, reinsert the teaching key into the switch and turn on the ignition. If everything is done correctly, the buzzer will emit three beeps when the ignition is turned on.
7. Wait with the ignition on (approximately 6 sec) until the buzzer emits two more beeps.
8. Turn off the ignition, but do not remove the teaching key from the ignition switch.
Approximately 6 sec after turning off the ignition, the buzzer should emit a single beep, and the indicator lamp should start flashing twice as fast.
If the buzzer does not emit a beep, and the lamp stops flashing quickly, turn off the ignition and start the teaching procedure again.
If the learning procedure fails again, this means a malfunction or that this learning key is not suitable for this controller.
9. No later than 6 seconds after the sound signal (while the lamp is flashing quickly), turn on the ignition with the same learning key.
After waiting 2-3 seconds, turn off the ignition. No later than 5 seconds after turning off the ignition, the buzzer should give three sound signals, and the rapid flashing of the indicator lamp should stop. Do not turn on the ignition for at least another 10 seconds.
After completing the learning procedure, it may be necessary to re-synchronize the immobilizer and controller codes, since after the learning procedure is completed, the controller may not allow the engine to be started when the ignition is first turned on.
To re-synchronize the codes, turn on the ignition with any learned key (preferably a working one). Leave it for 6 seconds.
If the immobilizer indicator lamp starts to indicate an erroneous system state (flashing once per second), turn off the ignition and wait at least 10 seconds. Then turn the ignition back on.
The lamp should not flash, and the engine should start.
If the indicator lamp lights up continuously 3 seconds after turning on the ignition, this means that the anti-theft function of the controller is not activated and the learning procedure should be repeated again.
Possible abnormal situations that arise during operation of the immobilizer.
If you lose a working key, you must purchase a new key blank and cut it to work with the ignition switch installed on the car.
Then perform the immobilizer learning procedure using the existing learning key and the new working key.
If you lose the learning key, it is impossible to perform the key learning procedure.
This means that you can continue to operate the car only with the existing working key.
In case of loss and remaining working key or in case of immobilizer malfunction, both immobilizer and controller will have to be replaced with new ones.
After such replacement, you can cut a new blank of training key for work with ignition switch installed on the car, and perform the training procedure.
Due to importance of training key, it is recommended not to keep this key on the same bunch with working keys and not to use it in everyday operation.
After replacing faulty immobilizer with new one, it is necessary to perform the system training procedure. In this case, you should use the existing training key from faulty immobilizer.
The APS-6 immobilizer allows to start the engine without performing the training procedure. Such start can be performed only with the training key, which was previously used to activate the anti-theft function of engine control controller installed on the car.
Start the engine as follows:
– close all doors;
– turn on ignition with training key, but do not start the engine;
– turn off ignition (immobilizer indicator lamp should start blinking quickly);
– no later than 6 seconds after turning off the ignition (while the lamp is flashing), it is necessary to turn on the ignition again with the training key and start the engine.
If the controller is faulty, it can be replaced with a new one
controller in which the anti-theft function is not activated.
With such a replacement, the controller will allow the engine to start regardless of the immobilizer.
To activate the anti-theft function of the new controller, it is necessary to perform the learning procedure using the existing learning and working keys.
It is allowed to replace a faulty controller with another one in which the anti-theft function is already activated, but only if the same learning key is used to activate the anti-theft function in the newly installed controller.
Using the learning key from the newly installed controller, it is necessary to perform the system learning procedure.
When replacing the ignition switch, it is necessary to replace the electronic code elements (transponders) in the ignition key heads of the new lock with the corresponding code elements from the keys of the ignition switch removed from the car.
The learning procedure does not need to be performed after such a replacement.
Additional functions of the APS-6 immobilizer
Control of the interior light dimming delay
This function allows you to provide interior lighting for some time after the car doors are closed, which makes it easier for the driver to operate in the dark.
For this function to work, the light must be turned off using its switch key.
When the ignition is off and any door is opened, the light lights up and remains lit as long as the door is open.
After the door is closed, the light remains lit for another 12 seconds, after which it gradually goes out over 4 seconds.
If you open the door again before the light has completely gone out, the light turns on at full intensity and remains lit as long as the door is open.
If you turn the ignition key to the "on" position before the light has gone out, the light goes out immediately.
Warning about the key left in the ignition
If the ignition is off, but the key is left in the ignition, the buzzer will sound a beep (trill) when the driver's door is opened.
Warning about the parking lights left on
If the ignition is off, but the parking lights are still on, the buzzer will sound 2 beeps when the driver's door is opened. The power windows can be controlled:
– always when the ignition is on;
– within 30 seconds after the ignition is turned off, if the car doors have not been opened. If the door is opened, but the key is already removed from the ignition, then the power windows cannot be controlled immediately after the door is opened;
– after the ignition is turned off and any door is opened, if the key is in the ignition. If the door is closed or the key is removed from the ignition, then the power windows cannot be controlled.