Faults in the starting system are manifested in the abnormal operation of the starter. There are five main starter malfunctions:
Starter does not turn on
The reason is a violation of the contact connections, an open or short circuit in the starter switching circuits, a malfunction of the traction relay.
Multiple clicks are heard when the starter is turned on.
The reason is a malfunction of the holding winding of the traction relay, the battery is very discharged, the contact connections in the starter circuit are loose.
The starter turns on, but its armature either does not rotate or rotates slowly
The reason is the battery is discharged, the contact connections are broken, the traction relay contacts are burned, the collector is dirty or the brushes are worn out, the interturn or short circuit in the windings.
The starter turns on, its armature rotates, but the flywheel remains stationary
The reason is the weakening of the fastening of the starter to the clutch housing, damage to the teeth of the flywheel or drive gear, slipping of the drive freewheel, breakage of the lever, drive ring or buffer spring of the starter drive.
The starter does not turn off after starting the engine
The reason is a malfunction of the starter freewheel, sintering of the contacts of the traction relay. In the event of such a malfunction, stop the engine immediately!
- The crankshaft is not turned by the starter
The battery is low. The voltage at the battery terminals with the consumers switched off is below 12 V.
When the starter is turned on, a crackling sound can be heard from under the hood. Charge the battery; if it does not charge - replace
- Decreased battery capacity
The voltage at the battery terminals with the consumers turned off is more than 12 V, but when the starter is turned on, it drops below 6-3 V. while cracking can be heard from under the hood.
Make sure there is no short in the starter, see below. Charge the battery with a low current (no more than 1 A); if the capacity is still insufficient - replace
- Oxidation of the battery terminals, loose fit
When the starter is turned on, the tension in the on-board network drops much more than at the battery terminals.
When the starter is turned on, a crackling sound can be heard from under the hood. Crimp the terminals, clean the contacts, lubricate them with any grease
- Thickened engine oil (in winter)
Look at the oil on the dipstick. Change the oil to suit the climatic conditions
- Engine jam
Check the free rotation of the crankshaft, alternator, coolant pump. Repair the engine, generator, replace the coolant pump
- The starter traction relay control circuit is faulty: the wires are damaged, the tips are oxidized or loose, the contacts “30” and “50” of the ignition switch or the starter enable relay do not close.
When the key is turned to the *starter position, the traction relay does not work (there is no click under the hood). Check if +12 V is applied to the control contact of the traction relay.
Strip, crimp the wire lugs; replace the faulty ignition switch or its contact part, the starter relay
- Short circuit or open circuit in the solenoid winding of the starter relay
Relay armature sticking (armature misalignment, surface contamination, corrosion, etc.).
When the key is turned to the “starter” position, the traction relay does not work (there is no click under the hood), but +12 V is supplied to the control contact of the traction relay.
Remove the starter, relay, check its operation. Replace defective traction relay
- The contacts of the traction relay or wires are oxidized, poor ground contact
When the starter is engaged, a click is heard under the hood, but the starter armature does not rotate.
Check the resistance of the battery-starter circuit with an ohmmeter, including the ground wire, if the circuits are good, remove the starter and check the operation of its relay.
Tighten the wire ends, crimp the terminals. Replace defective traction relay
- Burning, contamination or severe wear of the collector, brushes hanging or wear.
Make sure the traction relay is working. You can supply power to the starter bypassing the relay. (Avoid sparks near the battery!)
On the removed starter, check the pressure of the brushes against the commutator, their residual height, commutator wear.
Scrape the collector with fine-grained glass wool, rinse with unleaded gasoline, ensure that the brushes move freely in the sockets. If the manifold is very worn, replace the starter
- Open or short circuit in the armature winding
Make sure the traction relay is working. You can supply power to the starter bypassing the relay. (Avoid sparks near the battery!)
The armature winding is checked after disassembling the starter with an ohmmeter or by darkening the insulation. Replace starter
- Open or short circuit in the holding winding of the start relayera
When turning on the starter, a crackling noise is heard from under the hood. The voltage on the battery and on the control contact of the traction relay is within normal limits.
The relay is checked with an ohmmeter or by its excessive heating. Replace the starter solenoid
- Freewheel slip
When the starter is turned on, the armature rotates, the flywheel is stationary.
First make sure that the traction relay is working properly and the drive gear engages with the flywheel ring (on the removed starter, the gear does not stick on the axle, the flywheel ring teeth are in good condition). Replace clutch or starter
- Damaged starter clutch gear or flywheel teeth
Inspection after disassembling the nodes. Replace the starter or flywheel ring (you can repress the old ring by turning it over with the unworn side)
- The ring gear rotates on the flywheel
Screeching, howling from the side of the clutch housing (when the starter is turned on, the ring gear rotates, the flywheel is stationary; the crankshaft can turn jerkily, with slipping).
Screen the flywheel near the ring seat or replace. The flywheel is replaced only in assembly with the crankshaft and clutch basket
- Loud noise during starter operation
The starter is skewed on the engine, its fastening is loose or the cover on the drive side is broken
Inspection. Tighten threaded connections to the specified torque, replace broken, worn parts or starter assembly
The starter pole has loosened (the anchor touches it)
Disassemble the starter, inspect, check the alignment of the poles and the gap between them and the anchor
Tighten the poles or replace the starter
- Excessive wear of bearing bushings or armature shaft journals
Inspection after starter disassembly
Replace the starter
- The ring gear rotates on the flywheel
When the starter is turned on, the ring gear rotates, the flywheel is stationary. Squealing from the clutch housing
Screen the flywheel near the ring seat or replace. The flywheel is replaced only in assembly with the crankshaft and clutch basket
- The teeth of the starter drive gear or, more often, the flywheel ring are worn out
Inspection
Replace the starter or flywheel ring (you can repress the old German by turning it over with the unworn side)
- The gear does not disengage from the flywheel: jamming of the drive lever; weakening or breakage of the freewheel spring or starter traction relay; jamming of the clutch on the splines of the armature shaft or the core of the traction relay; malfunction of the ignition switch (contacts "30" and "50" do not open), the starter relay is faulty
Checking the removed starter, inspection after disassembly. The operation of the ignition switch can be checked with an ohmmeter or visually by removing its contact part
Replace starter traction relay or starter assembly; ignition switch contact group or switch assembly, starter enable relay