- Cause of malfunction - Remedy

Engine won't start:

- The starter does not turn the crankshaft or rotates it very slowly

Check the state of charge and serviceability of the batteries and, if necessary, charge or replace them

Check the starter power contacts, clean the wire terminals.

Check the condition of the starter relay contacts, if there is a burn, clean the contacts in the circuit, tighten them if necessary.

Check the contacts of the starter brushes with the commutator and the absence of sticking of the brushes in the brush holders, if necessary, wipe and clean the commutator, clean the side edges of the brushes, replace worn brushes with new ones or replace faulty brush springs.

If the defects cannot be repaired, replace the starter.

- Clogged fuel lines or intake in the fuel tank

Rinse intake, flush and blow out fuel lines

- Freezing of water in the fuel lines or on the grid of the fuel tank intake

Carefully warm up the fuel pipes, filters and tank

- Clogged fuel filter elements

Replace the fuel with another one that matches the season and bleed the system

- Wrong fuel injection advance angle

Adjust fuel injection advance angle

- The presence of air in the fuel system

Bleed the system, fix leaks

- The fuel priming pump does not work

Disassemble the pump and troubleshoot

- Jamming of the rail of the high pressure fuel pump at zero flow

Repair the fuel pump in a workshop or replace it with a good one

- Difficulty moving the injection pump rail due to thickening of the lubricant

Carefully warm up the fuel pump

Replace filter elements

The engine does not develop power:

- Dirty air filters

Clean air filters

- Clogged exhaust tract

Clean the exhaust path

- Contamination of fuel filter elements

Replace filter elements

- The regulator control lever does not reach the maximum speed bolt. The stop lever does not reach the end working position

Check and adjust drive lever system

- The presence of air in the fuel system

Bleed the fuel supply system and fix it

- Wrong fuel injection advance angle

Adjust fuel injection advance angle

- Leaks in the gas distribution valves

Adjust the thermal gaps in the valve mechanism, grind the valves if necessary

- Low air pressure

The air supply system is leaking. Repair leaks.

If there is increased resistance in the exhaust pipe, clean the exhaust pipe.

Faulty turbocharger.

Repair.

- Violation of adjustment or clogging of nozzles

Adjust the nozzles and, if necessary, flush and clean them

- Faulty fuel priming pump valves

Rinse the seats and valves of the pump, grind the valves if necessary

- Breakage of the springs of the pushers of the high pressure fuel pump

Change the springs and adjust the pump on the stand in a special workshop

- Broken springs or leaks in the injection valves of the fuel pump

Replace the spring or repair the leak in the valve (have it done in a specialist workshop)

- Piston ring wear

Replace piston rings, if necessary, pistons and cylinder liners

Diesel knocking:

- Early fuel injection into cylinders

Adjust fuel injection advance angle

- Clearances in the valve mechanism are misaligned

Adjust valve clearances

Uneven diesel operation:

- The fastening is loose or the high-pressure pipe has burst

Tighten fitting or replace tube

- The uniformity of the fuel supply by the sections of the high pressure pump is broken. Unsatisfactory operation of individual nozzles

Adjust the feed on a special stand

Remove the injectors and check in the workshop, if necessary, repair or replace defective injectors

- Faulty speed controller

Removed in a special workshop

Lower oil pressure:

- Contamination of the oil filter element (light bulb on)

Change oil filter elements

- Faulty pressure gauge

Replace the pressure gauge with a good one

- Clogged oil pump intake

Remove the pan, rinse the intake

- Clogging or malfunction of the pressure reducing or differential valves of the oil pump

Disassemble, wash and reassemble the valve. If the spring breaks, replace it and adjust the valve on the bench

- Leakage of oil pipeline connections

Check the connections and gaskets of filters and tubes.

- Oil dilution due to fuel ingress

If necessary, tighten connections or replace gaskets

Check the tightness of the connections of the drain pipeline, high pressure pipes of the nozzle under the cylinder head covers and eliminate the leak

- Increased clearances in the main and connecting rod bearings of the crankshaft as a result of wear or destruction of the liners

Replace the crankshaft bearing shell, grind the shaft journals if necessary

Elevated fluid temperature in the cooling system:

- Loosening the tension of the water pump drive belt

Adjust belt tension

- Water pump belt wear

Change the belt

- Violation of the tightness of the liquid path of the cooling system

Troubleshoot

- Radiator cap gasket rupture

Replace gasket

- Faulty thermostats

Replace thermostats

- Radiator pollution

Clean the radiator

- The fan does not turn on

Check the position of the fan control lever and set it to the "B" position.

If the fan does not turn on, the switch is faulty.

- Faulty fan clutch switch

Replace TC103 temperature sensor

- The fan does not turn off

Set the switch to the "0" position. If the fan does not turn off, the drain holes in the fan drive are clogged. Repair or replace the drive.

Water gets into the lubrication system:

- Leakage on rubber rings of cylinder liners

Replace defective O-rings

- Destruction of the cylinder head gasket

Replace defective gasket

- Violation of the tightness of the liquid-oil heat exchanger

Remove the heat exchanger from the engine and eliminate leakage

- Violation of the tightness of the sealing gasket of the cylinder head of the pneumatic compressor

Replace gasket

Extraneous noises in the turbocharger:

- Rotor touching on stationary parts

Remove turbocharger for repair or replacement